CBSE Board Class 10 Mathematics Syllabus
This guide presents a clean, student-friendly breakdown of units, chapters and topics aligned with the CBSE Class X (2025–26) Standard Mathematics syllabus.
Total Marks: 80 | Exam Duration: 3 hours
Syllabus & Exam Overview
| Unit | Unit Name | Marks | Chapters |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | Number Systems | 06 | Real Numbers |
| II | Algebra | 20 | Polynomials; Linear Equations; Quadratic Equations; A.P. |
| III | Coordinate Geometry | 06 | Distance & Section Formula |
| IV | Geometry | 15 | Similarity; Tangents |
| V | Trigonometry | 12 | Trig Intro; Identities; Heights & Distances |
| VI | Mensuration | 10 | Circles Area; Surface Areas & Volumes |
| VII | Statistics & Probability | 11 | Statistics; Probability |
| Total | 80 marks | ||
CBSE assesses Understanding (≈54%), Application (≈24%), and Higher-order Skills (≈22%).
Syllabus Breakdown
Unit I: Number Systems (06 marks)
Real Numbers
- Number sets: integers, rationals, irrationals, real numbers.
- Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic: unique factorisation.
- Radicals & exponents: simplification rules.
- Proofs of irrationality (√2, √3, √5).
- Applications using prime factorisation.
Unit II: Algebra (20 marks)
Polynomials
- Definition, degree, coefficients.
- Zeros: meaning & interpretation.
- Relationship between zeros & coefficients (quadratic).
- Finding roots by factorisation & inspection.
Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
- Form and graphing of linear equations.
- Graphical solution of pairs.
- Substitution & elimination methods.
- Consistency conditions.
- Word problems based on linear pairs.
Quadratic Equations
- Standard form ax² + bx + c = 0.
- Solutions: factorisation & quadratic formula.
- Discriminant: nature of roots.
- Word problems leading to quadratics.
Arithmetic Progressions
- Definition and real-world use.
- General term: aₙ = a + (n−1)d.
- Sum of first n terms (Sₙ).
- Applications in daily-life problems.
Unit III: Coordinate Geometry (06 marks)
Coordinate Geometry
- Plotting and reading points (x, y).
- Distance formula.
- Section formula (internal division).
- Applications to geometry problems.
Unit IV: Geometry (15 marks)
Triangles: Similarity
- Meaning of similarity.
- Basic Proportionality Theorem: proof & use.
- Converse of BPT (statement).
- Similarity criteria: AA, SAS, SSS.
- Using similarity for geometric calculations.
Circles: Tangents
- Definition of tangent.
- Tangent ⟂ radius: proof & examples.
- Equal tangents from an external point.
- Mixed problems involving tangents.
Unit V: Trigonometry (12 marks)
Introduction to Trigonometry
- Trig ratios: sin, cos, tan.
- Well-definedness of ratios.
- Exact values: 30°, 45°, 60°.
- Reciprocal & quotient relations.
Trigonometric Identities
- sin²A + cos²A = 1: proof.
- Derived identities for basic problems.
Heights & Distances
- Angle of elevation & depression.
- Simple right-triangle applications.
- Restricted to 30°, 45°, 60°.
Unit VI: Mensuration (10 marks)
Areas Related to Circles
- Area of sectors & segments.
- Problems on area & perimeter.
- Segments restricted to 60°, 90°, 120°.
Surface Areas & Volumes
- Standard formulas for 3D solids.
- Combination-of-solids problems.
- Visualisation & reasoning tasks.
Unit VII: Statistics & Probability (11 marks)
Statistics
- Grouped data tables.
- Mean: direct, assumed mean, step-deviation.
- Median & mode.
- Interpretation in real contexts.
Probability
- Classical definition.
- Equally likely outcomes: coins, dice, cards.
- Simple real-life inspired questions.