📘 CBSE Board Class 10: Science Syllabus (2025-26)
Exam: 3 hours, Theory 80 marks + Internal Assessment 20 marks
Course structure: Unit I: 25 marks, Unit II: 25 marks, Unit III: 12 marks, Unit IV: 13 marks, Unit V: 5 marks.
🧭 Quick Overview: Units & Chapters
| Unit No. | Unit Title | Chapters in this Unit | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | Chemical Substances: Nature & Behaviour | Chemical Reactions & Equations; Acids, Bases & Salts; Metals & Non-metals; Carbon & its Compounds | 25 |
| II | World of Living | Life Processes; Control & Co-ordination; Reproduction; Heredity & Evolution | 25 |
| III | Natural Phenomena | Reflection & Spherical Mirrors; Refraction & Lenses; Prism, Dispersion & Scattering | 12 |
| IV | Effects of Current | Electric Current & Ohm’s Law; Magnetic Effects of Current; AC & Domestic Circuits | 13 |
| V | Natural Resources | Environment & Waste Management | 5 |
🧪 Unit I: Chemical Substances: Nature & Behaviour (25 marks)
🔥 Chemical Reactions & Equations
- What is a chemical reaction: simple definition and everyday examples.
- Chemical equation: how to write reactions using symbols and formulas.
- Balanced equations: conserving atoms; basic steps.
- Types of reactions with examples:
- Combination
- Decomposition
- Displacement
- Double displacement
- Endothermic vs exothermic reactions.
- Oxidation and reduction: basic idea.
🧪 Acids, Bases & Salts
- Definitions by ion production: acids produce H⁺, bases produce OH⁻.
- Using indicators: litmus, universal indicator.
- Chemical properties and reactions.
- pH scale: simple concept.
- Preparation & uses of key compounds.
- Neutralization: daily life applications.
🔩 Metals & Non-metals
- Physical & chemical properties.
- Reactivity series.
- Ionic compounds.
- Basic metallurgy.
- Corrosion & prevention.
⚛️ Carbon & Its Compounds
- Covalent bonding.
- Versatility of carbon.
- Hydrocarbons: saturated vs unsaturated.
- Homologous series.
- Naming simple compounds.
- Chemical reactions of carbon compounds.
- Ethanol & ethanoic acid.
- Soaps & detergents.
🧬 Unit II: World of Living (25 marks)
🌱 Life Processes
- Basic characteristics of living beings.
- Nutrition: autotrophic & heterotrophic.
- Respiration: aerobic & anaerobic.
- Transport in plants and animals.
- Excretion: simple overview.
🧠 Control & Coordination
- Tropic movements.
- Plant hormones.
- Nervous system.
- Voluntary & involuntary actions.
- Hormones in animals.
👶 Reproduction
- Definition and importance.
- Asexual reproduction.
- Sexual reproduction.
- Reproductive health.
- Women’s health awareness.
🧬 Heredity & Evolution
- Heredity: traits & genes.
- Mendel’s contribution.
- Sex determination.
- Introduction to evolution.
🌈 Unit III: Natural Phenomena (12 marks)
🔍 Reflection & Spherical Mirrors
- Laws of reflection.
- Concave & convex mirrors: key terms.
- Image formation.
- Mirror formula.
- Applications.
🔎 Refraction & Lenses
- Laws of refraction.
- Convex & concave lenses.
- Image formation.
- Lens formula.
- Power of lens.
- Human eye & defects.
🌤️ Prism, Dispersion & Scattering
- Prism & dispersion.
- Scattering of light.
- Applications.
⚡ Unit IV: Effects of Current (13 marks)
💡 Electric Current & Ohm’s Law
- Current & potential difference.
- Ohm’s law.
- Resistance & factors.
- Series & parallel circuits.
- Heating effect of current.
- Electric power.
🧲 Magnetic Effects of Current
- Magnetic field & field lines.
- Field due to loop & solenoid.
- Force on conductor.
- DC basics.
🏠 Alternating Current & Domestic Circuits
- AC: frequency concept.
- Advantages of AC.
- Domestic circuits & safety.
🌍 Unit V: Natural Resources (5 marks)
🌱 Our Environment & Waste Management
- Ecosystem & food chains.
- Pollution types.
- Ozone depletion.
- Biodegradable vs non-biodegradable.
- Waste management.
📝 Assessment & Question Paper Design
- Knowledge & Understanding: 50%
- Application: 30%
- Higher-order thinking: 20%